SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN UKRAINIAN-POLISH ELECTRONIC PHRASEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

When compiling biand multilingual phraseological lexicons it is necessary to address such theoretical issues as the formulation linguistically grounded principles of selection of phraseological units and their translation, semantic interpretation based on differentiation of pictures of the world of the linguistic systems, comprehensive combination of elements of the structure and presentation of various linguistic ambiguities, rational form of dictionary entries and building of userfriendly interface in electronic dictionary systems, etc. The article addresses the principles of Ukrainian-Polish electronic phraseological dictionary, which is one of the first attempts of complex and systematic presentation of Ukrainian and Polish phraseology. The main attention is paid to the lexicographic representation of phraseological units, their semantic characterization and selection problem idiomatic equivalents.

The last decades in Slavistics were marked by growth of interest towards phraseology in its various aspects, especially lexicographical. However, despite the significant developments in the theory and practice of compiling translated lexicons, Ukrainian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian contrastive phraseology remains understudied, due to lack of work that would systematically represent phraseology of these Slavic languages. 1 In the Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund of the NAS of Ukraine there is work being carried based on the lexicographical method of virtual laboratories (Shyrokov, 2011, p. 283) to create an instrumental complex of the translational phraseological system of Ukrainian-Polish electronic phraseological dictionary (EPD). It involves the construction of lexicographic model of representation of phraseology in the system of the Ukrainian and Polish languages, as well as the formation of lexicographical database (LDB) of Ukrainian and Polish phraseological units (hereinafter -PU). To this end there has been developed the software aimed to distinguish the structural elements of the digital dictionary according to the structure of lexicographical system, and created the computer technology for compilation of translational resources.
The basis for formation of a dictionary database of the registry of Ukrainian PU is the phraseological subsystem of academic explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language in 20 volumes . The phraseological units of SUM-20 level include phrases that are of established composition and structure and lexically undividable and express complete specific meaning that is not the sum of the values of its components, but occurs on the basis of rethinking mainly due to metaphorical and analogical processes (SUM-20, 2010, p. 24). Separated into the so-called "rhombed" zone of the Dictionary are also the collocations -set phrases that allow slight desemantization of one component (eg. вовчий апетит), word equivalents (eg. до безмежжя) and terminological phrases (eg. топографiчна анатомiя).
The attention of applied linguists to phrases of different types has recently been intensified, first of all due to the needs in the field of automatic language processing. The importance of lexicographical processing of phrases is motivated by prevalence of the same in the texts, since statistically they represent about 77% of the texts (Belonogov, Zelenkov, Kuznetsov, Novoselov, & Khoroshilov, 1995, pp. 20-24.), whereas separate words, which are not bound by the semantic and grammatical relations, only a little more than 23%, ref. Tab. 1. Share in a text (%) 23,4 48,3 16,0 6,6 3,0 1,5 0,7 0,3 0,2 Phraseological units are distinguished among other types of phrases by their complicated semantics, which is strongly oriented towards national linguistic worldview. Thus, the main problem in compiling of a bilingual phraseological dictionary is the selection of adequate translational equivalents with due account for differences in worldview represented in the respective language systems. This is why the task of a comprehensive translational phraseological dictionary is to convey the phraseological system of one language by the means of the other language.
Generally we should note that the EPD dictionary entry includes such structural elements as the capital phraseological unit, alternatives, optional components, phraseological polysemy, interpretation formulas for some meanings of phraseological units, translational equivalents, grammar and stylistics remarks, illustrations to register phraseological units and equivalents thereof.
General formalized structure of the left side of the phraseological dictionary entry is as follows: where X -registry unit; V -alternatives of the registry unit components; Foptional components; REM (X) -grammar remarks.
The structure of the right side of a dictionary entry includes the following structure-forming elements: where N [C(X)] -number of the semantical state (meaning) of the registry unit; C(X) -interpretation formula for X; E(X) -translational equivalents; Vcomponents' alternatives; F -optional components; REM (E) -remarks (grammar, stylistics); J(X), J(E) -text-illustrative material.
It is also worth to note that in the bilingual dictionary translation is the primary means of opening the meaning of linguistic units. When translating phraseological units along with accurate and comprehensive depicting the meaning, it is important to consider the expressive and stylistic features of a phraseological unit, since often such units of the two languages develop in different ways, have their specific features. The authors of the dictionary follow the principle of semantic and functional-stylistic adequacy of the translational phraseological equivalents. In cases where there is no adequate (equivalent) match in Polish, the dictionary offers a descriptive representation of the registry word. In translation of the Ukrainian phraseological units there are three types of equivalents used: 1) Equivalent -the equivalents are the same by semantics, structural and stylistic characteristics. Analysis of phraseological units showed that full Ukrainian and Polish equivalents comprise more than 40% of the material studied, due to the close affinity of these languages. These are mostly international phraseological units: Пiррова перемога -Pyrrusowe zwycięstwo; перейти рубiконprzejść, przekroczyć Rubikon; кiнь троянський -koń trojański; Авгiєвi стайнi -stajnia Augiasza etc. The affinity by the semantics of Ukrainian and Polish may also be explained by the proximity of imaginative thinking, interaction of cultures of both nations, eg.: день у день -dzień w dzień; як двi краплi води -jak dwie krople wody; кров з молоком -krew z mlekiem; буря у склянцi води -burza w szklance wody; морський вовк -wilk morski; лити воду -lać wodę; ховати голову в пiсок -chować głowę w piasek etc.
It should be noted that cross-language phraseological equivalents may slightly differ in the structural and component composition due to the grammatical structure of the studied languages, which does not affect the semantics of the units, eg.: бути на сьомому небi -być w siódmym niebie, десята вода на киселi -dziesiąta woda po kisielu, Авгiєвi стайнi -stajnia Augiasza, stajnia augiaszowa.