Streszczenie:
The article reviews a set of semiotic and philosophic (first of all, logical-analytic) conceptions of an artistic text, the theory of possible worlds and the theory of speech acts. Yu. Lotman’s semiotic text theory is under thorough analysis in comparison with logical-philosophic, analytic understanding of fictional literature by J. Searle who formulated his ideas taking into account the basics of the theory of secondary speech acts. The scientists mentioned understood the nature of the artistic speech in a different way. If Yu. Lotman considered the language of fictional texts a secondary semiotic formation, “secondary modeled system”, the American scholar insisted that artistic speech is the expression of a “usual” ethnic speech, used by an author in a specific way, and the artistic work is built in accord with other logical laws with intentional “neutralization” of vertical ties with the “usual” world. In both conceptions, the problem of the degree of similarity of artistic worlds and “this”, “real” world where the author of the artistic text lives is analyzed, though with different detalization. The article suggests possible conclusions of logical-philosophic and semiotic approaches to the problem of the degree of iconicity of artistic texts as sign formations. The conclusion is made that the degree of iconicity of artistic texts may be different: it finds its full realization in realistic texts; it is expressed to the less degree in modernism and post-modernism texts and equals practically zero in “odyvneny” texts, first of all, absurd and nonsense.
