Streszczenie:
The tension between the signifiant and the signifié, which is present in both singular signs and chains thereof, is also the cause of various semantic incoherencies in translation. Within the boundaries of a language, one can classify and describe such departures from the original, regardless of whether they arise in the grammatical, lexical or syntactic sphere. The subjective decisions of the interpreter become much more important whenever one transcends the boundaries of language and compares two metalinguistic realities. But the greatest role of the interpreter lies within a process of Ingarden’s “concretization”, understood as a conscious or unconscious filling of gaps in a schematic literary artwork, which forms an integral part of the sphere of competence of the interpreter of a translated work. Therefore, it is the interpreter who exerts a decisive influence on the perceptions, created by literary artwork.
