Abstract:
The present writer proposes that a difference exists between words which are borrowed from a foreign language, in this case Turkish, and lexical units, which are derived from loanwords. In this way the number of loan-words from Turkish in the 3-vol. academic dictionary (РСБКЕ) is calculated at about 850, and not 1,863. The following numerical data build a more adequate picture of the play of Turkish elements in the word-formation system of the Bulgarian language (these data are taken from СлР, which is composed on the basis of approximately 50 thousand words, which are organized in over 6,300 word-formative nests/families). According to our calculations, 334 Turkish loan-words enter the Bulgarian word-formation system as word-formative bases, in relation to a total of 856 derived words. From these 856 derived words 175 are also Turkish borrowings. We find from the СлР some 681 words which one can say are Bulgarian formations, based on Turkish stems, both simple and derived ones.
In this study, attention to the interaction of Turkish suffixes -джия/-чия, -лик, -дар/-тар with inherited stems and/or stems of another - not Turkish - provenance, is being addressed. Some attention to the derivation from Turkish stems with suffixes of cross-lingual foundation (suff. -ит for nouns, suff. -ирам for verbs) is being paid.
The formations with a second component -сиз, -(х)ане and -даш/-таш, and the adverbs with the suffix -ле/-лем show minimum susceptibility to being divided up into word-formative components.
The play of Turkish elements in the word-formation system in Bulgarian literary language, is considered to be more minor than in the neighboring languages: Serbian and Macedonian. This is explained by Church Slavic and Russian influence on the formation and development of Bulgarian literary language.
