Jedna czy dwie kultury? Problemy i wyzwania dwukulturowych i dwujęzycznych mniejszości (Bretończycy i Łużyczanie)

Abstract

Bretons, making great efforts for recognition in France and trying to maintain their culture, are divided into Breton speaking and Gallo speaking people. The Breton movement recognized the aspirations of the inhabitants of Upper Brittany during the last few years, although Gallo is still discriminated against by those who think that the bilingualism of Brittany weakens the force and unity of Bretons. Lusatia is divided into Upper and Lower. These two parts differ in language, customs and sociolinguistic situation. The struggle for respecting the rights of the Slavic minority is impaired by administrative and identification division. Lower Sorbian and Gallo can be called ‘double minority languages’: as opposed to the national language and in relation to the one stronger within the minority group. This situation has both positive and negative consequences. On one hand, the weaker group takes part in activities of the stronger group and has a greater chance of survival. One the other hand, it is subject to enculturation processes, gradually losing its distinguishing characteristics.