Research reports

On October 6–7, 2025, at the International Congress Centre in Katowice, during the XXIII Local Government Capital and Finance Forum, Dr hab. Roman Roszko, prof. IS PAN, head of the Semantics and Computer Linguistics Team at ISS PAS, promoted effective ways to apply artificial intelligence in the daily work of local governments in Poland.

The Forum organizers invited Prof. R. Roszko as a speaker to participate in the debate: “Artificial Intelligence in Local Governments – Real Applications or Just a Trend?”. The debate was extended by a lunch break due to high interest. Local government officials were interested in specific application scenarios for generative models created within the HIVE AI project, as well as the tools and resources of CLARIN-PL-BIZ-Bis. Their primary concerns revolved around the security and quality of solutions utilizing artificial intelligence. The anxieties of local government representatives, who mostly associated artificial intelligence with readily available online chatbots, were alleviated during a presentation of RAG instances operating on PLLuM models. It should be noted that these types of solutions are currently being implemented by the HIVE AI consortium, among others, in the Gdynia City Hall.

Prof. Roman Roszko also spoke with representatives from companies involved in providing digital services to government offices at various administrative levels. A promising collaboration emerged between IS PAN and Warsaw-based company ABC PRO sp. z o.o. (https://abcpro.pl/) regarding legal electronic monitoring – solutions that the aforementioned company offers and plans to develop further with additional functionalities related to artificial intelligence.

On September 30, 2025, Valéry Trân Thiên, MA, from the Semantics and Computational Linguistics Team at ISS PAS represented the HIVE AI consortium during the Synerise Cup 2025 – the jubilee national championships for schools and kindergartens in chess. At the Ministry of Digital Affairs of Poland booth, he answered visitors’ questions about artificial intelligence and Polish Large Language Models (PLLuM). Every visitor to the booth could converse with the PLLuM generative model. Testers evaluated the knowledge of the Polish generative model, including its understanding of chess.

In 2024, the Semantics and Computational Linguistics Team of the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, participated in the PLLuM project (“Responsible development of an open large language model PLLuM [Polish Large Language Universal Model] to support breakthrough technologies in the public and economic sectors, including an open, Polish-language intelligent citizen assistant”), funded by the Ministry of Digital Affairs of Poland. The result of this work is the PLLuM family of generative models in base, chat, instruct, and non-commerce versions.

In 2025, the developed PLLuM models are being further developed and implemented in mObywatel (the Polish digital ID app) and selected offices of state administration within a new project called HIVE AI (“HIVE AI: Development and pilot implementation of large language models in Polish public administration”), funded by the Ministry of Digital Affairs of Poland. Stands/kiosks operated by the Ministry of Digital Affairs at important national and international events are part of a larger promotion of the PLLuM family of Polish generative models.

From September 25–27, 2025, the Semantics and Computational Linguistics Team (SILK Team) of the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences participated in the 7th International Conference on Applied Linguistics “Languages and People” (LiTaKA) at Vilnius University.

Representing the SILK Team, Prof. Andrius Utka and Prof. Jurgita Vaičenonienė presented the team’s achievements in three projects carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, related to broadly defined digital humanities.

Authors of the presentation: Roman Roszko (Institute of Slavic Studies PAS), Tomasz Bernaś (Institute of Slavic Studies PAS), Danuta Roszko (University of Warsaw), Andrius Utka (Vytautas Magnus University), Jurgita Vaičenonienė (Vytautas Magnus University).

The title of the presentation: (en) Lithuanian Text Data and Organic Instruction Corpora in the DARIAH-HUB, HIVE AI, and PLLuM Projects; (lt) Lietuviškų tekstinių duomenų ir instrukcijų tekstynai DARIAH-HUB, HIVE AI ir PLLuM projektuose; (pl) Litewskojęzyczne korpusy danych tekstowych i instrukcji organicznych w projektach DARIAH-HUB, HIVE AI ir PLLuM.

Presentation languages: Lithuanian and English.

In 2024, Prof. Jurgita Vaičenonienė and Prof. Andrius Utka of VDU were members of the SILK Team within the PLLuM project (consortium leader: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, members: Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Information Processing Institute – OPI PIB, Research and Academic Computer Network – NASK PIB, University of Łódź) funded by the Ministry of Digital Affairs of Poland. Both were responsible for acquiring, describing with metadata, deduplicating and cleaning a portion of Baltic text data, as well as preparing organic instructions (localization, identity-based, single- and multi-turn generative, etc.) necessary during the pre- and post-training phases of the PLLuM model family. The presentation delivered to the audience sparked lively discussion about large language models and their applications. Attendees also expressed interest in the reasons why the SILK Team at ISS PAS conducts research extending far beyond the Polish language, particularly considering that such work requires not only specialized knowledge but primarily significant effort and substantial funding (energy costs).

The SILK team and CLARIN-PL have been closely collaborating with Lithuanian CLARIN-LT structures for ten years. Professor Jurgita Vaičenonienė from Vytautas Magnus University is the national coordinator of the CLARIN-LT infrastructure. Professor Sigita Rackevičienė, pictured in Figure 1, from Michael Römer University in Vilnius, is one of the partners of CLARIN-LT.

From September 24–25, 2025, the Semantic and Computational Linguistics Team of Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences participated in a working, workshop-based, and promotional meeting for the DARIAH-HUB project. The main goal of the event was to present the results achieved so far within the project framework and to outline further development and maintenance of the structures being created. Dr. hab. Roman Roszko, prof. IS PAN, the project coordinator representing the Institute of Slavic Studies PAS, and researchers from the Semantic and Computational Linguistics Team –  Daniel Dziułka, MA, (ISS PAS), Karol Kościelniak, PhD, (Adam Mickiewicz University), Valéry Trân Thiên, MA, (ISS PAS) – took part in the event. During the promotional meeting, consortium representatives presented, among other things, the Interdisciplinary Research Platform (IRP) and the Archaeological Module. In informal discussions, Prof. Roman Roszko raised the issue of key word and phrase extraction from textual resources using models from the PLLuM family as an element to enrich research objects at the second level of IRP integration.

The “Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities – DARIAH-PL” project, operating as DARIAH.HUB, is funded through investments A2.4.1 (“Investments in expanding research potential”) within the Development Plan of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan.

The project’s implementation contributes to the long-term plan for strengthening collaboration in building digital infrastructure for the humanities and arts in Poland.

The DARIAH-HUB consortium comprises: The Institute of Informatics PAS (leader), Institute of Literary Research PAS, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS: Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Centre PCSS, The Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History PAS, Institute of Polish Language PAS, Institute of Slavic Studies PAS, Institute of Art PAS, Poznan University of Technology, Wrocław University of Science And Technology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, University of Warsaw, and University of Wrocław.

From September 22–24, 2025, the Semantics and Computational Linguistics Team (SILK) in Krakow participated in the “82nd Congress of the Polish Linguistic Society: Continuations and Innovations – Celebrating the Centenary of the Polish Linguistic Society”, held at Jagiellonian University. Representing SILK, Tomasz Bernaś presented the team’s achievements on two projects underway at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences (ISS PAS), focused on the development and implementation of a large family of PLLuM generative models.

Authors of the presentation: Roman Roszko (Institute of Slavic Studies PAS), Tomasz Bernaś (Institute of Slavic Studies PAS), Danuta Roszko (University of Warsaw).

The title of the presentation: (en) The Polish Large Language Model (PLLuM) is Being Built with Contributions from the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Including Corpora of Polish, Slavic and Baltic Text Data and Instructions; (pl) Korpusy polskich, słowiańskich i bałtyckich danych tekstowych oraz instrukcji wkładem Instytutu Slawistyki PAN w budowę polskiego dużego modelu generatywnego PLLuM.

Presentation languages: Polish and English.

During the discussion, Tomasz Bernaś, MA, answered questions regarding the ethics of PLLuM models, methods for verifying effective TDM (Text and Data Mining) exceptions, the EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSM), and its Polish amendment from September 2024 in the context of access to the text data market.

In 2024, the SILK Team implemented, as part of the PLLuM consortium (Wroclaw University of Science and Technology – leader, Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Information Processing Institute – OPI PIB, Research and Academic Computer Network – NASK PIB, University of Łódź), a task commissioned by the Ministry of Digital Affairs to create Polish large language models, PLLuM. Currently, work on developing the PLLuM model family is continuing in the HIVE AI project (Research and Academic Computer Network [NASK PIB] – leader, Central Information Technology Centre – COI, Cyfronet at the AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Information Processing Institute – OPI PIB, University of Łódź). Simultaneously, advanced work is underway to implement PLLuM models in mObywatel (the Polish digital ID app) and pilot implementations are being carried out in state administration and local government offices, for example, in the Gdynia City Hall.

The series of lectures on interdisciplinary Ukrainian studies called Ukrainian Winter, which began on January 29, 2025, ended on the first day of March. The series of lectures was jointly organised by the Ivan Franko National University in Lviv in cooperation with the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Vision Ukraine Netzwerk: Bildung, Sprache und Migration and the UCL Ukrainian Society.

The Ukrainian Winter series gathered over 300 registered participants and consisted of 14 lectures by Ukrainian and international scholars on a wide range of topics related to Ukrainian culture, history and society. The inaugural lecture on decolonization processes in Ukraine was given by Myroslav Shkandrij, Professor Emeritus at the University of Manitoba.

From the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, a lecture entitled “Decolonial Content on Ukrainian YouTube: Revealing «kakaya raznitsa» and Blurring Cultural Boundaries with Russia” was delivered by dr Olha Tkachenko on February 21, 2025.